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人工神经网络系统可靠性与容错性设计及其仿真
魏薇
1994-05-01
学位类型工学博士
中文摘要极强的可靠性与容错性是人工神经网络系统的主要特性之一。神经网络的这一特 性能否实现以及实现效果如何对于网络系统的学习能力、推广能力以及正常运行具有 至关重要的作用。 本文择要而述了关于人脑神经网络系统的神经生物学最新发现,以此作为本文 人工神经网络系统的可靠性与容错性研究与设计的神经生物学原型与基础。 本文指出,人工神经网络系统及其组成部件(神经计算元及其权连接)均为退化系 统或退化部件,因此存在着失效的可能,并且网络系统的退化与网络各个组成部件的 退化密切相关。而人工神经网络系统的学习能力除了应包括网络系统在其组成部件正 常工作时的学习能力之外,还应该充分考虑到网络系统在其部分组成部件失效、或遇 到外界干扰时仍能正常地持续学习的能力。因此,对于人工神经网络系统进行可靠性 与容错性研究与设计是非常必要与至关重要的。另外,一个较优的神经网络系统应该 具有较强的可塑性与推广能力,即经过样本训练后的网络对未在训练集中出现过的问 题做出正确反应的能力,以适应复杂应用问题的需要。 基于误差反向传播算法的多层前馈网络(BP网络)是目前应用得最为广泛的人工 神经网络模型,也是公认的现存人工神经网络模型中具有较高容错性的一种模型。本 文对该网络系统所进行的可靠性与容错性分析及其仿真实验结果表明,BP模型神经 网络系统的容错性主要体现在其邻层间相互连接的网络结构(任何输入与输出节点之 间的路径上有多个并行的隐单元),以及BP算法本身所具有的时间冗余(软件容错)特 性。因此,这类系统的网络结构一经建立以后,系统的容错手段就仅以软件容错为主, 体现为在网络的部分构成部件失效后,可以通过延长网络系统的样本训练时间(BP算 法的迭代次数增多)来使系统恢复正常学习的功能。不过,网络系统的这种能力的恢复 是有限的,所以需要进一步地对网络系统的可靠性与容错性进行更深入、更全面的重 新设计,以弥补单一的算法容错的不足。 本文根据仿真实验所作的网络系统的输出误差分析结果表明,网络系统中不同部 件的失效对于网络的样本学习能力的影响是不同的。据此,本文提出了一种确定网络 系统中重点神经计算元及其权重连接的结构重要度的方法,并以此作为网络系统的可 靠性与容错性设计的主要依据。如对那些具有较大结构重要度的重点隐层神经计算元 节点的可靠性与容错性设计可以着重进行,以有效地提高整个网络系统的可靠性与容 错能力。
英文摘要High reliability or fault tolerance is one of the most important properties of artificial neural network systems. Whether it can be realized and how it is realized have very important in- fluence on the learning ability, expandation ability and normal operation of the corresponding network systems. In this paper some new neurobiological discoveries on the neural network system of human brain are stated, which is used as the prototype and the basis of the research and design on artificial neural network systems. This paper pointed out that all the artificial neural network sytems and their constructed components, such as calculating neurons and their weighted connections, are degradated sys terns or degradated components, therefore there exists the possibility of degradation failure. Whereas the degradation of systems is related with that of their constructed components. The learning abilities of artificial neural network systems should include the normal work of sys terns even under not ideal operation conditions where there exists component failure or circum stancial disturbance. Therefore the research and design on artificial neural network systems are extremely necessary and very important. Additionally. an advanced neural network sys tern should have strong plasticity and expandation ability, i.e. the trained network can have correct response to the new samples which do not appear in the training sample set, therefore to suit the complex applications. The multiple layer perceptron neural network model based on back propagation algorithms is the most extensively applied model, and is generally acknowledged as one kind of high fault tolerant model. But the analysis and simulation given in this paper pointed out that the fault tolerance of BP model neural network systems mainly emtxxties in their network con struction, where the neighboring layers are interconnected and there exist multiple parallel hid den units, and the time redundancy of the back propagation algorithms, which is actually a kind of software redundancy. Therefore once such kind of network is constructed, the fault tolerance of the corresponding systems is only and mainly a kind of software fault tolerance. So if some components of the systems are failure, the recovery of the nornal learning abilities of the systems is by extending the sample training time of the systems. But such discovery is very limited and is time wasting. There:Fore some further and comprehensive research and de sign on the reliability and fault tolerance of artificial neural network systems is needed to corn pensate the insufficiency of the single software fault tolerance. The simulation and the analysis of the system output error in this paper show that the fail ure of different components can have different influence on the learning abilities of the sys terns, based on which the defination of :important calculating neurons and their weighted
语种中文
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.ia.ac.cn/handle/173211/5641
专题毕业生_博士学位论文
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
魏薇. 人工神经网络系统可靠性与容错性设计及其仿真[D]. 中国科学院自动化研究所. 中国科学院自动化研究所,1994.
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