More and more evidence supports the perspective that brain is a system intrinsically operating on its own, primarily driven by internal dynamics, with the external events modulating rather then determining the activity of the system. It has also been suggested that the brain spontaneous activity is as significant as, if not more so than, evoked activity in terms of overall brain function. Therefore, by evaluating the brain spontaneous activity, we could get comprehensive information about the brain functionality. The spontaneous fluctuation in the Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) signal of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a potentially important and revealing manifestation of spontaneous neuronal activity. With the clinical applications in some serious neuropsychiatric diseases as the main aim and with the mechanism and methodology of resting state fMRI as the breakthrough point, this dissertation focused on the following topics: BOLD spontaneous fluctuations mechanism, brain spontaneous activity detection algorithm, brain spontaneous activity-based disease abnormality identification and discriminative analysis, and brain spontaneous activity-based curative effect evaluation.
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