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基于多机器人技术的地壳运动模拟系统控制方法研究
其他题名Research on Control Method of Crustal Movement Simulation System based on Multi-Robot Technology
范长春
2011-05-26
学位类型工学博士
中文摘要地壳运动模拟系统是一种模拟地壳活动的实验装置。该装置用于在实验室环境下物理仿真地壳运动,观测由此引起的地表变形。它是信息技术在地学领域的一次新的应用,大大提升了地学研究的装备水平,成为新时期地学研究的一个重要手段。 本文所研究的地壳运动模拟实验装置由多块矩形钢板来组成,其中每块钢板由4个垂直的承重轴驱动。在钢板上铺有一层防水橡胶皮,其上依次覆盖岩石层、土壤层、地表水土植被层等。通过驱动各承重轴的运动,引起钢板位姿的变化来模拟地壳的运动,从而观测地壳运动对地表水土变迁的影响。本文针对地壳运动模拟实验的科研需求,将地学模拟实验与机器人技术结合,实现了实验过程的自动化。 本文在国家863计划和中国科学院重大科研装备研制项目的资助下, 围绕地壳运动模拟实验装置的研制和开发过程,以多机器人系统为基础,对控制方法的相关问题进行了研究。本文的主要工作和贡献有: 1、设计了一种具有良好通用性的开放式控制器。该控制器使用虚拟机技术将控制逻辑开发与软硬件底层平台开发彻底隔离,较好地实现了系统的开放性、扩展性、移植性和平台无关性。该控制器的上层控制逻辑支持多种开发语言,简单方便,且具有极高的安全性。 2、针对地形匹配模拟任务,提出了一种有效的路径规划算法。该算法使用免疫进化机制,实现了由有限个平板模块在三维空间内最佳拟合给定地形的要求。在此基础上引入粒子群算法进一步提升算法的收敛速度。考虑到地壳运动模拟实验中,负载变化大,不确定干扰强的情况,在伺服驱动过程中引入了自适应模糊控制算法,达到了较好的控制效果。 3、针对本装置在运行过程中各模块所属四个轴必须满足一定约束条件的特点,本文基于多机器人协调算法,提出了一种使用有向网格的多模块同步运动协调算法,保证了系统各轴较好地协调运动,能够使系统各个驱动轴在运行过程中任意时刻都能保持相互间的约束关系。 4、针对系统的可靠性、安全性问题,本文研究了复杂系统的故障检测与诊断技术。首先,使用了一种基于模型的故障诊断方法,构建出系统的离散化模型描述,在故障诊断的状态空间内使用搜索技术找出可能的故障原因。然后,提出了一种基于贝叶斯网络的故障检测与诊断算法,根据专家经验与统计数据对各故障类别建造贝叶斯网络模型,由此直接求出最可能出现故障的部件,提升了算法的执行效率。 总的说来,本文对地壳运动模拟系统的控制问题进行了较为深入的研究,为本装置的实际应用提供了必要的理论依据和研究经验。
英文摘要Crustal movement modeling and analysis are the major task in the earth system science. Crustal movement simulation system is a new kind of experimental instrument used for physically simulating geological activities in the laboratory environment. Obviously, it has many advantages to use such a system: greatly shortened time and space scales of the process of crustal movement, completely safe working environment for researchers and more convenient method of observations. Although the simulation technology is a field in which a significant amount of research has been conducted, little work has been done in the combined area of crust science and automation technology. The hardware system consists of mechanical system, control systems, communications systems and central monitoring and management system. In the hardware point of view, it is a distributed structure using sixteen or more square modules and a central computer. Each square module represents a crustal plate. By driving these modules, we can imitate the Earth's crustal movement in a laboratory environment. Several control issues arise due to the mechanical structure of the system and due to the peculiar nature of the tasks. The paper is supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) and the Major Scientific Equipment Development Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences. This thesis is focused on the crustal movement simulation system and selects the study on multi-robot technology based control and coordination algorithm as its main topic. In this paper, the main work and contributions are: 1. An embedded open-controller is designed based on virtual machine technology. In this way, the control logic can be completely isolated from the underlying platform. So it achieves many outstanding features such as openness, scalability, portability and platform independence. In addition, the controller can support multiple programming languages. 2. An efficient path planning algorithm based on immune evolution is proposed. This algorithm makes the simulation system in the best fit the requirements of a given terrain only using a finite number of flat modules in three-dimensional space. And on this basis, particle swarm optimization is introduced to further improve the convergence speed. Adaptive fuzzy control algorithm is selected for the motion control algorithm. 3. A decentralized multi-robot flocking algorithm is proposed and implemented, which enables c...
关键词地壳运动模拟 开放式控制系统 路径规划 多机器人协调 故障诊断与检测 Crustal Movement Open Architecture Controller Path Planning Multi-robot Coordination Fault Detection And Diagnosis
语种中文
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.ia.ac.cn/handle/173211/6343
专题毕业生_博士学位论文
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
范长春. 基于多机器人技术的地壳运动模拟系统控制方法研究[D]. 中国科学院自动化研究所. 中国科学院研究生院,2011.
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CASIA_20081801462800(10201KB) 暂不开放CC BY-NC-SA
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