| 英文摘要 | What is social dilemma? When you make a decision, you may face the conflicting interests between the collective and individual, or between short term and long term. This dilemma situation is called social dilemma, and the former is called space dilemma, the latter is call time dilemma. Almost everyday, we have to deal with the trouble of the social dilemma. For example, there are two attitudes about the ecological resource. You take out of it or maintain it. For the benefit of the human being, the best choice is to maintain it. But once you think deeply: if the others take out of it, what will happen, you may loss a lot. So for the interest of yourself, the best choice is take out of it. Now you are in the dilemma situation. In 1968, Hardin's paper entitled with "The Tragedy of the Commons" was presented on Sience. The concept of social dilemma on population problem was defined on the paper for the first time. From then, many papers about social dilemma were published on game theory, social psychology, ecology. These papers have got many qualitative results from different kinds of experiments. For example, when the group size becomes larger, the level of cooperation will be lower. Dividing territory will raise the level of cooperation. How can we explain these phenomena? There is no explaination in these papers. The thesis tries to find out a theory to explain the phenomenon. A methematical model was built in the thesis. From the model we elicit the concept of CCI (Circumstantce Cooperation Index) as a character index to describe social dilemma. We assume that the higher CCI, the higher probility of choosing cooperation. An experiment we have designed proved the hypothesis. The thesis also give the reason why less group size of dividing territory can raise the level of cooperation. For the time dilemma, many papers only gave the qualitative analysis on social psychologe. For indtant, Platt's social trap theory. A methemetial recurrence model has been built in the thesis and from the model CCI has also been elicited as in space dilemma. Then the space dilemma and time dilemma can be described in the same formula of CCI. The more exciting result is about how the social dilemma can be broken. Under the condition that there isn't additional resouce , it is proved that there always exists an approach of dividing territory to break N-persons' prisoner dilemma. Breaking social dilemma means that there exists a payoff structure, so that, the best choice of the individual is the best one of the group for the space dilemma, or, the best choice of the short term is also the best one of the long term for the time dilemma. If we connect dividing territory, as a approach of breaking social dilemma, with the system of "job responsibility" in the rural, we can clearly explain the reason why the system of job responsibility can break "da-guo-fan" (food prepared |
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