模式识别实验室知识库

Deep neural networks have shown vulnerability to adversarial attacks. Adversarial examples generated with
an ensemble of source models can effectively attack unseen target models, posing a security threat to practical
applications. In this paper, we investigate the manner of ensemble adversarial attacks from the viewpoint
of network gradients with respect to inputs. We observe that most ensemble adversarial attacks simply
average gradients of the source models, ignoring their different contributions in the ensemble. To remedy
this problem, we propose two novel ensemble strategies, the Magnitude-Agnostic Bagging Ensemble (MABE)
strategy and Gradient-Grouped Bagging And Stacking Ensemble (G 2 BASE) strategy. The former builds on a
bagging ensemble and leverages a gradient normalization module to rebalance the ensemble weights. The latter
divides diverse models into different groups according to the gradient magnitudes and combines an intragroup
bagging ensemble with an intergroup stacking ensemble. Experimental results show that the proposed methods
enhance the success rate in white-box attacks and further boost the transferability in black-box attacks.