| 英文摘要 | In traditional AI, the world is assumed to be closed. Therefore, reasoning and search are taken as Leading technique And research of adaptation to the environment is greatly ignored, until John Holland proposed his adaptive plan and Genetic Algorithms in 1975. In an adaptive problem, the total environment ii considered as a black box. An agent tries to solve a problem or finishes learning through interaction with environment. In this dissertation, the environment is divided into three classes: natural environment, social environment and human. Under this classification, we take a series of experiments in different types of environment, observe the phenomena, and discuss the characters of adaptation to specific environment. We emphasize the point of view that fitness function is just environment, and establish our experiments on it. The direct representation method is used to represent environment, but not the mathematical model. The environment of an agent is just what it "sees". It is unnecessary to transform a specific environment to a state, which is usually used. The Chromosome-Protein Scheme(CP) is proposed as a general model of planning. It is based on Genetic Programming. The CP scheme is used to solve time table and robot path planning problem. Based on single-tree representation, multi-tree form of CP is proposed. And then the new genetic operators of multi-tree are established. In addition, the order character of hierarchical representation is studied. The short-gene priority phenomenon is analyzed according to the Schema theory, After the establishment of Chromosome-Protein Scheme, we study the cases of adaptation to natural, social environment and human, and take robot path planning as example In the adaptation to social environment, four experiments are designed. They are considered in different conditions, including known or unknown enyironment, point or rigid body of robot. The results of experiments show the ability of agents for adaptation to known and unknown environment. In the adaptation to social environment, four experiments are designed. They are considered in different conditions, including pure social environment or social and natural environment, cooperation or competition. Some interesting result:; are observed, such as random cooperation, team cooperation, conceding or waiting in resource competition. The results of experiments show the ability of agents for cooperation and competition under unknown and changing environment. About the adaptation to human, the special characters and methods are firstly discussed. Then several experiments are taken when three kinds of environment is considered together. Four experiments are designed in different conditions, including one or two agent adapting to human, different or same emotion of human. The results show that agent's adaptation to human is the process of copying human emotion and c |
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