Recently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been developed rapidly and paid more and more attention. Compared with traditional network technology, WSN integrates the modern wireless communication technology, micro-sensor technology and networks technology. And it applied in various areas, such as national defense, environment detection, home automation, transportation, etc. However, most researches have been focused on the terrestrial sensor networks, while less works have been done in the underwater domain due to costs and communication methods, etc. In this paper we study on the wireless optical communication for mobile underwater wireless sensor networks. An underwater wireless optical communication module is designed, and a ranging method based on luminous intensity is presented. The main researches of this paper are listed as following: Firstly, the develop history and current research works of the WSN are introduced, especially on underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) and optical communication. Secondly, based on the characteristics of underwater wireless sensor networks and underwater optical parameters, a wireless optical communication module design is presented for UWSN. The IrDA protocol stack is adopted and improved to design optical communication nodes and suitable protocols of underwater communication. And the developed module has several optical transceivers to achieve omni-direction communication. Thirdly, the UWSN need not only communication, but also ranging and localization among nodes, so a novel method is introduced to estimate the distance between two communicating nodes and their relative location through light intensity detection. Finally, the research work is concluded and the future research is described.
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