As a typical application of pervasive computing, sensor networks combined the information world with the physical world, changed the inter-communication style between human and nature, enlarged human’s information capturing capability. Sensor networks are mainly powered by batteries with finite energy, so how to reduce the energy expenditures so as to prolong the lifetime of the network is the key problem. In this paper, the designing of the routing protocol is studied and the application of sensor networks in the colliery safety monitoring system is introduced: Firstly, the research status and key technologies of WSN are introduced, and then the characteristic, classification, the existing problems of routing protocols for WSN and data aggregation are analyzed and several typical routing protocols are described in detail. Secondly, based on a comprehensive analysis of the shortage of LEACH, an improved cluster-based routing protocol based on LEACH is proposed. The optimum number of cluster head is introduced to minimize the total energy consumption in every round of the running of the protocol; in order to avoid the over-consumption of the cluster heads, the definition of the maximal number of sensor nodes in the cluster is presented; the sensor nodes in the monitoring area are clustered into group, and the clusters are fixed once they are finished. Thirdly，the application of sensor network in the colliery safety monitoring system is introduced. The colliery safety monitoring system in this paper is based on field bus and Ethernet, and in order to solve the routing problems of the system a series of solutions are proposed. The system is verified by the performance authentication at the national safety production equipment detection & inspection center. Finally，the obtained results are summarized and the future work is addressed.
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