Energy is the cornerstone of the survival and development of human society. With its continuous development, human society is facing the increasingly serious energy problem. The enormous energy released in the nuclear fusion process provides an important option for human to solve the energy crisis. Laser Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) technology can achieve the controllability of the nuclear fusion process, thus make the tremendous energy available for human use. Since the idea of triggering nuclear fusion reactions with high-energy laser was proposed, countries have been competing to carry out researches on ICF. The high-precision coupling of beam and target is a most critical part of the laser inertial confinement fusion. National research institutions adopt different technical routes to achieve high-precision beam-target coupling. Under the background of ICF, this thesis conducts deep research on beam-target coupling based on extensive literature analysis of ICF and beam-target coupling technology. The main work of the thesis is as follows. (1) Build the beam-target coupling hardware platform. The platform includes sensors, target positioning system and laser alignment system. The sensors based on conjugated principle which can achieve real-time monitoring of the position and posture of the target and the locations of laser spots. Target positioning system which consists of linear displacement stage, a six-degree-of-freedom Stewart platform and a long cantilever, can achieve coarse positioning in wide range, high-precision adjustment of position and posture in details for the target. Laser alignment system can adjust locations of laser spots on the surface of target. (2) Propose a tilt angle detection method based on Hough transform to adjust the target coarsely, and an ellipse detection method based on RANSAC to provide position and posture feedback for target adjustment. (3) Propose a multi-laser-spot tracking algorithm referring to mean-shift to provide position feedback for multi-laser-spot alignment. (4) Develop a suite of software for beam-target coupling based on Qt. The software has the characteristics of modularization, low coupling, and can be configured. With this software, users can achieve flexible control of the entire beam-target coupling hardware platform. Subsequent researchers can develop GUIs and study key algorithms for beam-target coupling rapidly.
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