英文摘要 | The Intelligent Traffic System (ITS) is basic way to solve the traffic problem because of the economic development. The research of shockwave is one of areas of ITS and needs large data, which are usually measured by buried magnetic loops. But the loops can not meet with the requirement of the theory and practical application because of their limited scope. So the video-based method is presented in the thesis to solve the problem, which can supply with real-time data in the large-scale traffic scene. With the research subject, the main contributions of the thesis include the following aspects: (1)Create middle-scale HW-BJU video database for traffic flow research, which includes different grabbing position, different traffic condition and viewpoint video files. (2)In the traffic scene, the measurement of some positions is difficult, sometime dangerous. In the thesis, the camera calibration method is optimized by multiple points and uses the information of the spacing between the land marks, the width, length and direction of the marks. It is also combined with the multi-plane corresponding internal parameter calibration method. In the real traffic scene, the result is verified by the differential GPS data. (3)In the vehicle location, the motion-based and Haar-like-based features location is presented, meanwhile four new Haar-like features are proposed. In the traffic scene, the camera is mounted in a fixed position, so detection can use the background model. Compared the GMM-based and Bayes-based background model, the better method is suggested in different scene. Those methods are applied into the real system. (4)Because the single tracking method has some limits, the tracking result of Meanshift is very bad in the occlusion traffic condition. In the thesis, the Meanshift and Kalman filter are fused in vehicle tracking and increase the tracking robustness. (5)The video-based VSpeed system is implemented, which can be used in automatic and manual style based on the running condition. After the camera calibration, the vehicle detection and tracking, traffic parameters are measured, such as the flow, the speed and the acceleration of vehicles, and the headaway. Meanwhile, the virtual loop system-VLCounter is proposed. |
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